التغير في معدلات الأمطار وأثره في التصحر في محطة طبرق للفترة بين 1981-2024م

Abstract

This study addresses the changes in rainfall patterns and their impact on desertification in the Tobruk area during the period 1981–2024, focusing on the relationship between rainfall, evaporation, and seasonal climate characteristics. The climatic data show that the region suffers from a significant shortage of rainfall, with an annual total of approximately 214.1 mm, while annual evaporation reaches about 1458 mm, resulting in a permanent water deficit. Rainfall is concentrated in winter and almost absent in summer, reflecting an arid to semi-arid climate, associated with high summer temperatures and increased water loss through evaporation, which limits soil moisture retention. Consequently, vegetation is limited to drought-resistant plants and seasonal grasses, increasing environmental fragility and promoting desertification. This climatic pattern also affects traditional agricultural activities and the sustainability of natural resources. The study highlights the need to adopt effective water management strategies, including winter rainwater harvesting and drought-resistant farming techniques, to adapt to harsh climatic conditions and reduce the impacts of desertification on the environment and society.