تقييم فاعلية برامج التوجيه والإرشاد في المؤسسات التعليمية الليبية

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of guidance and counseling programs in Libyan educational institutions, within a complex educational and social context shaped by years of political and armed conflict since 2011، It addresses a central problem: the gap between what existing counseling programs offer and what the psychological and social needs of student's demand، This gap is reflected in the absence of unified evaluation standards, the inadequate professional preparation of counselors, and a sharp disparity in the distribution of services between urban centers and remote areas. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology, drawing on a systematic review of Arabic and international literature, and employing Stufflebeam's CIPP Model and Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Model as analytical frameworks، The reviewed studies span the period from 2000 to 2024. The findings reveal multifaceted structural deficiencies: the organizational framework for counseling remains incomplete at the ministerial level, and the student-to-counselor ratio far exceeds the international standard of 250–300 students per counselor، Programs are also skewed toward academic counseling at the expense of psychosocial support, even as rates of psychological distress among students rise due to the impact of armed conflict، The scarcity of documented evaluation data further represents a methodological challenge in itself. The study recommends urgent legislative reform to establish a legal framework for counseling, the creation of a national unit for evaluating counseling service quality, restructuring of counselor preparation programs in accordance with evidence-based practice standards, and the launch of field research initiatives to bridge the critical knowledge gap in this domain.